The world used in its peril to believe     That the fair Cypria delirious love     Rayed out, in the third epicycle turning;

Wherefore not only unto her paid honour     Of sacrifices and of votive cry     The ancient nations in the ancient error,

But both Dione honoured they and Cupid,     That as her mother, this one as her son,     And said that he had sat in Dido’s lap;

And they from her, whence I beginning take,     Took the denomination of the star     That woos the sun, now following, now in front.

I was not ware of our ascending to it;     But of our being in it gave full faith     My Lady whom I saw more beauteous grow.

And as within a flame a spark is seen,     And as within a voice a voice discerned,     When one is steadfast, and one comes and goes,

Within that light beheld I other lamps     Move in a circle, speeding more and less,     Methinks in measure of their inward vision.

From a cold cloud descended never winds,     Or visible or not, so rapidly     They would not laggard and impeded seem

To any one who had those lights divine     Seen come towards us, leaving the gyration     Begun at first in the high Seraphim.

And behind those that most in front appeared     Sounded “Osanna!” so that never since     To hear again was I without desire.

Then unto us more nearly one approached,     And it alone began: “We all are ready     Unto thy pleasure, that thou joy in us.

We turn around with the celestial Princes,     One gyre and one gyration and one thirst,     To whom thou in the world of old didst say,

‘Ye who, intelligent, the third heaven are moving;’     And are so full of love, to pleasure thee     A little quiet will not be less sweet.”

After these eyes of mine themselves had offered     Unto my Lady reverently, and she     Content and certain of herself had made them,

Back to the light they turned, which so great promise     Made of itself, and “Say, who art thou?” was     My voice, imprinted with a great affection.

O how and how much I beheld it grow     With the new joy that superadded was     Unto its joys, as soon as I had spoken!

Thus changed, it said to me: “The world possessed me     Short time below; and, if it had been more,     Much evil will be which would not have been.

My gladness keepeth me concealed from thee,     Which rayeth round about me, and doth hide me     Like as a creature swathed in its own silk.

Much didst thou love me, and thou hadst good reason;     For had I been below, I should have shown thee     Somewhat beyond the foliage of my love.

That left-hand margin, which doth bathe itself     In Rhone, when it is mingled with the Sorgue,     Me for its lord awaited in due time,

And that horn of Ausonia, which is towned     With Bari, with Gaeta and Catona,     Whence Tronto and Verde in the sea disgorge.

Already flashed upon my brow the crown     Of that dominion which the Danube waters     After the German borders it abandons;

And beautiful Trinacria, that is murky     ’Twixt Pachino and Peloro, (on the gulf     Which greatest scath from Eurus doth receive,)

Not through Typhoeus, but through nascent sulphur,     Would have awaited her own monarchs still,     Through me from Charles descended and from Rudolph,

If evil lordship, that exasperates ever     The subject populations, had not moved     Palermo to the outcry of ‘Death! death!’

And if my brother could but this foresee,     The greedy poverty of Catalonia     Straight would he flee, that it might not molest him;

For verily ’tis needful to provide,     Through him or other, so that on his bark     Already freighted no more freight be placed.

His nature, which from liberal covetous     Descended, such a soldiery would need     As should not care for hoarding in a chest.”

“Because I do believe the lofty joy     Thy speech infuses into me, my Lord,     Where every good thing doth begin and end

Thou seest as I see it, the more grateful     Is it to me; and this too hold I dear,     That gazing upon God thou dost discern it.

Glad hast thou made me; so make clear to me,     Since speaking thou hast stirred me up to doubt,     How from sweet seed can bitter issue forth.”

This I to him; and he to me: “If I     Can show to thee a truth, to what thou askest     Thy face thou’lt hold as thou dost hold thy back.

The Good which all the realm thou art ascending     Turns and contents, maketh its providence     To be a power within these bodies vast;

And not alone the natures are foreseen     Within the mind that in itself is perfect,     But they together with their preservation.

For whatsoever thing this bow shoots forth     Falls foreordained unto an end foreseen,     Even as a shaft directed to its mark.

If that were not, the heaven which thou dost walk     Would in such manner its effects produce,     That they no longer would be arts, but ruins.

This cannot be, if the Intelligences     That keep these stars in motion are not maimed,     And maimed the First that has not made them perfect.

Wilt thou this truth have clearer made to thee?”     And I: “Not so; for ’tis impossible     That nature tire, I see, in what is needful.”

Whence he again: “Now say, would it be worse     For men on earth were they not citizens?”     “Yes,” I replied; “and here I ask no reason.”

“And can they be so, if below they live not     Diversely unto offices diverse?     No, if your master writeth well for you.”

So came he with deductions to this point;     Then he concluded: “Therefore it behoves     The roots of your effects to be diverse.

Hence one is Solon born, another Xerxes,     Another Melchisedec, and another he     Who, flying through the air, his son did lose.

Revolving Nature, which a signet is     To mortal wax, doth practise well her art,     But not one inn distinguish from another;

Thence happens it that Esau differeth     In seed from Jacob; and Quirinus comes     From sire so vile that he is given to Mars.

A generated nature its own way     Would always make like its progenitors,     If Providence divine were not triumphant.

Now that which was behind thee is before thee;     But that thou know that I with thee am pleased,     With a corollary will I mantle thee.

Evermore nature, if it fortune find     Discordant to it, like each other seed     Out of its region, maketh evil thrift;

And if the world below would fix its mind     On the foundation which is laid by nature,     Pursuing that, ’twould have the people good.

But you unto religion wrench aside     Him who was born to gird him with the sword,     And make a king of him who is for sermons;

Therefore your footsteps wander from the road.”